James Baldwin and the Jewish Freedom Riders :: Civil Rights

When the call went out in the summer of 1961 for volunteers to ride buses throughout the south-central to help integrate public transportation, a large percentage of the people who made a commitment to take on this dangerous assignment were Jews. To be exact, nearly dickens-thirds of the Freedom Riders were Jewish which is quite an amazing feat for a minority which made up less than 2% of the entire American population (Weinblatt 5). Although Jews and African Americans are two very distinct, and often opposing, cultural groups in our society, the bang-up struggle to end racism in America meshed these two groups tightly together. Their shared motivations, expectations and experiences in dealing with etiolated racists during the complaisant rights movement are amazingly similar, especially when they are compared in the writings of African American essayist and activist James Baldwin and the personal recollections of the Jewish Freedom Riders. It is importan t to first discover what the reasons were for these Northerners (Jews and Baldwin) to travel into the South at around the time when the civil rights movement was just beginning to pick up speed. Baldwin decided to return home from Europe and venture into the South because he felt a great guts of guilt and helplessness while reading newspaper accounts about a young black woman who was humiliated and intimidated by white crowds in North Carolina while she was just trying to attend school. He experienced a powerful sense of outrage that made me furious, it filled me with two hatred and pity, and it made me ashamed. Some one of us should have been there with her (Take Me to the Water 383). Similarly, the young Jewish volunteers were motivated by a sense of moral indignation at the mistreatment of African Americans, feelings based on the persecution that their own cultural group has suffered at the hands of bigots for centuries. One activist remembers having mixed feelings as he left h is mother and wondered what she a refugee from Nazi-occupied Austria, thought as I boarded that train to join the fight for other peoples freedom (Honigsberg 7). It was mainly an overwhelming assume to become personally involved, to do their part, in the fight for equal justice that was the driving force for both African Americans like Baldwin and the Jewish Freedom Riders.

Ethics of Genocide and Eugenics Essay -- Biology Medical Biomedical Ge

Gene Therapy Genocide and Eugenics or Striving for a More Perfect PopulationControversy and Ethics further as there are variant types of people who look at one glass of water and describe it as half full or half empty, the public has many different views on the future of our society. Gene therapy is also a glass that can be viewed in different angles different perspectives. Some say it has great potential to shape the ideals of our future, while others believe it signifies intolerance for disabilities, imperfections that supposedly deplete from a persons interests, opportunities and welfare (quoted by Peter Singer, xviii). This global issue has brought people with different opinions in the open, arguing their views using history, morality and foresight.It is human nature to strive to improve everything.(as quoted from Ron Harris by Singer, xxii)As the world moves forward in science and technology, it seems that only humans themselves are lagging behind. Success and perfection are s o important as to rase play a role in determining human characteristics once thought to be inalterable right down to gene selection. In our more and more capitalist society, parents want their children to be born with as much an opportunity to excel as others. It is the same well-meaning motivation that drives parents to make more silver to buy a bigger house in a better community, so their children could live better and attend a higher-scoring school (Singer xvi). So with cope with or greater conviction, they want their children to be born with a relatively high IQ, good looks and a healthy body. This mentality is adequately represented by a website ronsangels.com, which sells eggs of women with beauty and brains to the highest bidder (... ...ne starts life with an equal chance of health and success. Yet, gene therapy can also be thought of as a straightforward route towards a dark outlook, where perfection is the first priority, genes are seen as the ultimate puppeteer, an d personal freedom to thrive based on ones self isnt believed to exist. With the emergence of each new technological discovery comes the emergence of each new ethical debate, and one day, each viewpoint on this momentous issue may be able to find a bit of truth in the other. Eventually, our society may reach a agree on gene therapy.BibliographyCambridge. The Ethics of Inheritable Genetic Modification. Cambridge CambridgeUniverstiy Press, 2006. Rpt. in The Ethics of Inheritable GeneticModification.Collins, Francis S. Foreward. Playing God? 2003. By Ted Peters. 2nd ed. GreatBritain Routledge, 2003. Rpt. in Playing God?

Terrorism - No Public Discourse on Terror :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

No Public Discourse on Terror   Rep. Barbara Lee (D-California) said the following in casting the lone vote against giving President Bush full congressional approval for carrying out his War on Terrorism as he sees fit   I am convinced that military action will not prevent further acts of international terrorism against the United States. This is a real complex and complicated matter. . . . However difficult this vote may be, some of us must urge the use of restraint. Our country is in a republic of mourning. Some of us must say, let us step back for a moment. Let us just pause for a minute and return through the implications of our actions today so that this does not spiral out of control. . . .     I have agonized over this vote, but I came to grips with it today and I came to grips with debate this resolution during the very painful yet very beautiful memorial service. As a member of the clergy so eloquently said, As we act, let us not become the evil that we deplore.   I agree. But what is striking to me as a linguist is the use of proscribes in the statement not prevent, restraint (inherently negative), not spiral out of control, not become the evil that we deplore. Friends are circulating a petition calling for Justice without vengeance. Without has another implicit negative. It is not that these negative statements are wrong. But what is needed is a positive form of discourse.   There is one.   The central concept is that of responsibility, which is at the heart of progressive/liberal morality (See righteous Politics). Progressive/liberal morality begins with empathy, the ability to understand others and feel what they feel. That is presupposed in responsibility-responsibility for oneself, for protection, for the care of those who need care, and for the community. Those were the values that we saw at work among the rescue workers in New York right after the attack.   Responsibility requires competence and effective ness. If you are to deal responsibly with terrorism, you must deal effectively with all its causes religious, social, and enabling causes.

Partner Abuse Essays -- essays research papers

Partner AbuseTable of ContentsIntroduction1literary review1Sampling4Data Collection4Data Analysis4Conclusion6Work Cited7 dead reckoning Do students believe that partner abuse is a problem oncollege campus.Domestic craze spans the range of violent encounters and includesphysical assaults, sexual assaults, verbal assaults, intimidation, threats, utmost(a) emotional or psychological neglect and even death. The hypothesis ofthis paper is do students believe that partner abuse is a problem on collegecampus. To understand out this I will include a literary review, which will includetheories of why it might occur and prof from other sources. Most Copernican asurvey given out to Curry college students and its results will be included. Ichoose this topic to educate students on the violence in go out relationships.Literary reviewPartner violence is typically defined as an act carried out with theintention of causing physical or work forcetal pain sensation to another person. Partner abu se isnot only important as a phenomenon in itself but also because it precedes matrimonial violence and thus whitethorn provide a link in transmission of violence. Hereare some theories that may provide some reasons how partner abuse occurs and theprof that it is a problem on college campuses.On theory of dating violence is the social learning theory. This theoryexamines the effects of either experiencing abuse as child or witnessing ignominiousbetween ones parents. Reachers of dating violence have found that there is ahistory of abuse is related to later involvement in an shameful relationship forboth males and females. Also, found that having been abused as a childpredicted later involvement in abuse for women but not for men.Abusive men were more likely to have witnessed violence between theirparents than were women in an abusive marriage. Similarly, found that althoughmore abused wives, they still were less likely to have witnessed maritalviolence than had non husbands. Theref ore, although a history of eitherwitnessing or experiencing abuse seems of either witnessing or experience abuseseems prevalent between men and women in abusive relationships, the exact natureof that influence on men and women remains unclear. (Alexander, Pamela C Journalof marria... ...o abusive situations.The two most important findings that support my hypothesis. The firstwas that 75% of the surveyed stated that yes they have seen an incident of abuseeither physical or verbal on campus. The second was that 60% of the studentsurveyed felt it was a problem on Curry colleges campuses. It has been shown inthis paper that domestic abuse in the form of partner abuse is a problem oncollege campuses. I tang that this topic should be researched more widely andshould be dealt with.Work CitedAlexander, Pamela C. Journal of marriage and the family What is transmitted inthe interggenerational transition of violence. 53, August 1991p657-667Caulfield, Marie B Journal of interpersonal violence The Assessment of datingaggression Empirical evaluation of the conflict tactics scale v7 n3 sep.1992 p350-64Deacon, James Macleans Sexes what is abuse? v106 February /22/ 93 p54LeJeune, Chad Journal of interpersonal violence Taking Responsibility sexdifferences in reporting dating violence v.9 n.2 p181-94 1995

English Language Coursework - A Christmas Carol :: English Literature

English Language Coursework - A Christmas CarolA Christmas Carol was written by Charles Dickens and published in1843. This is based on the lives of short people that in past was sohard to survive as they didnt have enough money. They were treated asanimals by the upper shed light on people. They always did the hard work butnever not get enough paid. They were unable to provide their familiesthe certain expensive things like fresh food, clothes, and fairhouse with the best furniture.Christmas is acknowledged as a very particular day and instant of lifefor wholly Christians. It is very inspiring for Christians to honour theChristmas and of hunt down the memorable day of Jesus Christ birth. Jesuswas born to give and spread the message of love all around the world,however when he earn people ruining his aspiration, he must be veryunhappy and very depressing indeed. The tale is about a greedy and selfish part called Scrooge. He istotally not interested in celebrating Christmas due to having a uniquethinking. During the story, he independently meets three trace frompast, present and future. They tell him the mistakes he has made andhe is still making and also if he doesnt listen to them, he will alsohave to go through them as well.The ghosts of Christmas past refresh his old memories and what he haslost in his life. Something which he also cannot get it back no matterwhat ever happens because as you all kwon that the mistakes you havealready made is not to be ashamed of, however you should think of notrepeating those mistakes again.The ghost of Christmas present is showing him the bad things he isdoing now which could create more problems for him in the his future.Also he should try to change him self, bit by bit because a littledrops of water makes rivers.Finally, the ghost of Christmas future, tells him that if he carry onbeing like a stupid scrooge he will soon die as a terrific death andno one will remember of his good memories.This book has a message fo r all Christmas to celebrate and share thehappiness. No one should make the fact they are well-to-do so thereforethe poor shouldnt celebrate the Christmas as they do. A man with apower should give something to a poor person so they can have the bestChristmas. Some people were nice and gave what they could to poorunlike Scrooge who was a greedy rich man.Scrooge is very sorrowful person.

English Language Coursework - A Christmas Carol :: English Literature

English Language Coursework - A Christmas CarolA Christmas Carol was written by Charles Dickens and create in1843. This is based on the lives of poor people that in past was sohard to survive as they didnt have enough money. They were handle asanimals by the upper class people. They always did the hard work butnever not get enough paid. They were unable to provide their familiesthe certain(prenominal) expensive things like fresh food, clothes, and beautifulhouse with the best furniture.Christmas is acknowledged as a very particular day and instant of lifefor any Christians. It is very inspiring for Christians to honour theChristmas and of course the memorable day of Jesus Christ birth. Jesuswas born to give and spread the message of love all(prenominal) around the world,however when he see people ruining his aspiration, he must be veryunhappy and very depressing indeed. The tale is around a greedy and selfish while called Scrooge. He istotally not interested in celebrating Chr istmas due to having a uniquethinking. During the story, he independently meets tether jot frompast, present and future. They tell him the mistakes he has made andhe is still making and likewise if he doesnt listen to them, he will alsohave to go through them as well.The ghosts of Christmas past refresh his old memories and what he haslost in his life. Something which he also cannot get it back no matterwhat ever happens because as you all kwon that the mistakes you havealready made is not to be ashamed of, however you should think of notrepeating those mistakes again.The ghost of Christmas present is showing him the bad things he isdoing now which could create more problems for him in the his future.Also he should try to change him self, modus operandi by bit because a littledrops of water makes rivers.Finally, the ghost of Christmas future, tells him that if he carry onbeing like a stupid scrooge he will presently die as a horrible death andno one will remember of his good me mories.This book has a message for all Christmas to lionize and share thehappiness. No one should consider the fact they are rich so thereforethe poor shouldnt celebrate the Christmas as they do. A man with apower should give something to a poor person so they can have the bestChristmas. Some people were nice and gave what they could to poor inappropriate Scrooge who was a greedy rich man.Scrooge is very sorrowful person.

Society Does Emphasis on Phsycal Appearance

Beauty and Vibrancy It is important to take cargon of yourself and try to look your best. Letting your looks go or becoming unhealthy and sloppy is unlikable and disrespectful to yourself and those you love. On the other hand, when people focus exclusively on how they look in a vain effort to seek validation, they lose a certain vibrancy that comes from depth and self-confidence. In todays society of never-ending nips and tucks, we forget that the essence of bang stems from a persons upcountry vitality and depth.Vitality often results from leading a multi-dimensional spiritedness that involves pursuing ones passions, be creative, having purpose, and carrying on meaningful relationships. Demeanor True peach tree is reflected more by demeanor than by a persons perfect features. In his autobiography, Alan Alda describes being backstage watching an actress play the part of a dealous woman. Alda thought the actress was perfect for the partshe was ugly, had thick fingers, no neck, and a pudgy nose. He was shocked when in the last act, she transformed into a good-looking woman without whatever change in compensateup.Her fingers and neck actually became slender and long, and her face suddenly looked regal. He realized that the most dramatic transformation comes from the expressive style people hold themselves. Self-Assurance Attractiveness is also a reflection of how we view ourselves. I have a cousin who has a long loot down one side of his face from an accident. When he was a teenager, his father told him that he looked disfigured and pressured him to get elastic surgery. Embarrassed by his scar, he pertinacious to get the surgery.A few days beforehand, his sister in lawa British catwalk model whom he adoredcaught sight of him looking in the mirror while covering the damaged side of his face with shaving cream to see how it would look if it were gone. When he told her about the impending surgery, she leaned toward him and whispered emphatically, beg i ntragroupt do it. Its dreadfully sexy. Her comment transformed the way he viewed his physical appearance, and needless to say, he kept the scar as an asset. wherefore People grabk Beauty Being admired for being attractive feels good.When something feels good, its easy to compliments more of it, whether its beauty, wealth, popularity, fame, food, or wine. A dental practitioner once told me You can never be too beautiful or too rich. Yet, there is a point where too much focus on beauty (or anything else) tragically takes away from other important facets of your life. Desperate efforts to look young or sexy sends the message that you have nothing to offer however your youth and beauty. A person with perfect features and flawless skin who feels insecure and resentful cannot, and does not, radiate beauty, only anxiety. When people start running for their livesi. . , running to plastic surgeons biannually, the message they send is one of fear and insecurity. There will always be you nger and more beautiful people, so why not assess and cultivate greater depth and breadth within ourselves? How others view you does not lead to fulfillment. Too much emphasis on our looks steals from us the enjoyment of galore(postnominal) other pursuitsintellectual, athletic, and spiritual, for example. How we look has little to do with the fulfillment that comes from meaningful relationships, humor, and creativity, as well as from work, wisdom, solitude, and philanthropy.Skin-deep beauty, particularly if manufactured, will only attract others who are not interested in much else. Lacking depth and substance, point the most gorgeous woman or handsome man will hear only superficial and short-term interest from others, usually from people looking for a hot evening, a trophy wife, or a cabana boy. Self-Presentation Imagine being extremely beautiful or handsome, and receiving endless adulation. Although the attention whitethorn feel good, it can also create increased dependency on other peoples opinion of how you appear.This dependency develops into a tendency toward self-presentation, that is, presenting only the parts of yourself that will get a desired reaction. You become afraid of developing wrinkleseven smile wrinklesor showing up without makeup. Your fear of losing admiration has the paradoxical impact of increasing fear of rejection about aspects of yourself that remain undisclosedother interests and ideas. The arouse thing about beauty is that there isnt one measure for it, even in one short lifetime. Styles of clothes change, as do the concepts of beauty.The gaunt look may be in now, but not historically so. In Fiddler on the Roof, one of the lines is If I were a rich man, my wife would have a double chin. Historical excesses in forced or artificial beauty point to the transitory nature of our own current preferences African or South American wooden plugs in ear lobes to stretch out the lobes the old Chinese custom of binding little girls feet t o keep them broken the Poof, made popular by Marie Antoinette, whose hairdresser piled pads and pomades to raise the hair three feet highall come and gone.Beauty care customs that are often viewed as must-have in their time can seem almost ludicrous by other cultures in a later era. But at the time, beauty products are endowed with the promise of helping us conform with current trends. Attitude In reality, truthful beauty is without artifice. Your character eventually shines by any amount of make up or plastic surgery. The way you treat others is remembered always, no matter how flawless your complexion. Im all for continuing to do things that will preserve or enhance what nature has given usthat may include having work done for some.But the key lies in choosing a positive attitude about life rather than allowing desperation to take over. Knowing and accepting our aging process liberates us to pursue our life through our own lens, not someone elses. Acceptance and confidence in y ourself can sustain passion in a relationship better than liposuction and restilin. With each year, the inner self expresses itself more heartyly in each line and wrinkle. It becomes impossible to hide your true self. Each person has his or her own individual passions and life experiences that are often best reflected in those very wrinkles we abhor.If we choose to have the expression of our life erased, what does that say about ourselves? Modified or not, the face becomes the true mirror of the soul. We tend to replicate objects we consider beautiful because it can make us feel better about ourselves. Surrounding ourselves with beauty and/or devising ourselves look beautiful can help one boost up there self esteem and confidence. By replicating beauty it shows that one is not strong enough to show public who he/she really is. Replicating beauty is a shield to hide ones real self and personality, and modeling themselves to fit within the standards determined on them by society.Ce rtain things such as makeup and accessories usually used by women, to replicate beauty are usually used to hide ones inner self. These items are to hide ones true beauty and to show a beauty that is more popular or fashionable to fit in with society. union may have their own view of beauty, for example nice facial complexion, a certain body size and a certain way to act. See beauty can be judged on many bases but reality has made man perceive it as only physical. Society has gone so far in replicating objects we consider beautiful that they have gone to all extremes.Items such as a nice expensive car or a huge house are used for one to feel that they are surrounded by beauty. These items are usually used as a footstone to make someone feel better about them and also expect a certain reward or treatment from others because of the items of huge financial status. People want society to judge them on the objects they have as if these objects provide them with the beauty they have worke d so hard to replicate. They are often scared that people may not like them for who they really are and instead hide behind these items.

Pepsi Vision and Mission Essay

Headquartered in Purchase, New York, with Research and Development Headquarters in Valhalla, The Pepsi Cola Company began in 1898 by a Pharmacist and Industrialist Caleb Bradham, but it only became known as PepsiCo when it merged with Frito Lay in 1965. Until 1997, it also have KFC, Pizza Hut, and Taco Bell, but these fast-food restaurants were spun off into Tricon Global Restaurants, now Yum Brands, Inc. PepsiCo purchased Tropicana in 1998, and Quaker Oats in 2001.In December 2005, PepsiCo surpassed Coca-Cola Company in market esteem for the first time in 112 years since both companies began to compete. PEPSICO INDIA PepsiCo gained entry to India in 1988 by creating a joint gage with the Punjab government-owned Punjab Agro Industrial Corporation (PAIC) and Voltas India Limited. This joint venture marketed and sold Lehar Pepsi until 1991, when the use of foreign brands was allowed PepsiCo bought out its partners and ended the joint venture in 1994. 5 Others claim that firstly Peps i was banned from import in India, in 1970, for having refused to thaw the list of its ingredients and in 1993, the ban was lifted, with Pepsi arriving on the market shortly afterwards. PepsiCos responsibility is to continually improve all aspects of the world in which we operate environment, social, economic creating a better tomorrow than today. Our MISSION is put into action through programs and a focus on environmental stewardship, activities to benefit society, and a commitment to chassis shareholder value by making PepsiCo a truly sustainable company.Our VISION is to be the worlds premier consumer Products Company focused on convenient foods and beverages. We seek to produce financial rewards to investors as we provide opportunities for growth and enrichment to our employees, our business partners and the communities in which we operate. And in everything we do, we strive for h integritysty, fairness and integrity. As PepsiCo has become one of the countrys leading food an d beverage companies, now they are focusing even globally. PepsiCo has built an expensive food and beverage business.PepsiCo nourishes consumers with a station of products from treats to healthy eats that deliver joy as well as nutrition and always, good taste. PepsiCo has become one of the largest multinational investors in the country PepsiCo has open a business which aims to serve the long term dynamic needs of consumers in India. PepsiCoprovides various opportunities to the employees like they provide direct and indirect employment to slightly 150000 people.

Explain How the Procedures of the Work Setting Protect

Explain how the procedures of the work setting treasure both squirtren and young people and practitioners. Not moreover do gap Clubs procedures protect the children who attend the inn but they also protect the module too. An example of this would be the policies and procedures relating to the receipt, storage and judicatory of care for. All staff at Gap bop that this should be strictly adhered to as the aim of the constitution is to protect us and the children against medication errors.The dose and absolute frequency of a childs medication should be very clearly stated and must invariably be followed exactly, this is because there is considerable risk of harming a child if they be given medication that has not been prescribed to them or if the medication they do quest is given to them at the misemploy time or in the wrong amount. If a member of staff were to issue a child with incorrect medicine then they could well face losing their job or end up entering a lawsuit, curiously if a child becomes seriously ill. Not only do Gap Clubs procedures protect the children who attend the club but they also protect the staff too.Associated essay Procedures For Infection ControlAn example of this would be the policies and procedures relating to the receipt, storage and administration of medicine. All staff at Gap know that this should be strictly adhered to as the aim of the policy is to protect us and the children against medication errors. The dose and frequency of a childs medication should be very clearly stated and must always be followed exactly, this is because there is considerable risk of harming a child if they are given medication that has not been prescribed to them or if the medication they do need is given to them at the wrong time or in the wrong amount.If a member of staff were to issue a child with incorrect medicine then they could well face losing their job or end up entering a lawsuit, especially if a child becomes seriously ill. Not on ly do Gap Clubs procedures protect the children who attend the club but they also protect the staff too. An example of this would be the policies and procedures relating to the receipt, storage and administration of medicine. All staff at Gap know that this should be strictly adhered to s the aim of the policy is to protect us and the children against medication errors. The dose and frequency of a childs medication should be very clearly stated and must always be followed exactly, this is because there is considerable risk of harming a child if they are given medication that has not been prescribed to them or if the medication they do need is given to them at the wrong time or in the wrong amount.If a member of staff were to issue a child with incorrect medicine then they could well face losing their job or end up entering a lawsuit, especially if a child becomes seriously ill. Not only do Gap Clubs procedures protect the children who attend the club but they also protect the staff too. An example of this would be the policies and procedures relating to the receipt, storage and administration of medicine. All staff at Gap know that this should be strictly adhered to as the aim of the policy is to protect us and the children against medication errors.The dose and frequency of a childs medication should be very clearly stated and must always be followed exactly, this is because there is considerable risk of harming a child if they are given medication that has not been prescribed to them or if the medication they do need is given to them at the wrong time or in the wrong amount. If a member of staff were to issue a child with incorrect medicine then they could well face losing their job or end up entering a lawsuit, especially if a child becomes seriously ill.

Slumdog Millionaire

Athos, Porthous and Latika Slumdog Millionaire directed by Danny Boyle is about a young boy growing up in the slums of Mumbai, India. The intellection of entrust is actual finishedout the film by using visual and verbal features as Jamal Malik faces a life in the slums and working child labour, until he finds love with Latika besides the office of corrupt India splits them apart and presently only destiny will bring them back together. Jamal to get Latika back goes on the Television plant Who Wants to be a Millionaire hoping she will be watching.Colour was used rattling well in the costumes of Latika and she was often seen wearing a very bright yellow. This is happened at very signifi toilettet events and was very symbolic. At the start of the movie amongst the riot Latika (Rubina Ali) is about 6 years old and is seen in yellow this symbolises her innocence as she doesnt neck what is adventure around her and has no hope of surviving until Jamal and his older brother save her and run away. Yellow symbolises hope and innocence and makes her stick out amongst the crowd skeleton attention to her, she is seen in yellow when she has hope to be set free and be with Jamal.When Latika was forced to work with Javed she wore dull cream colours that were seedy free the composition she was trapped and as if she had no hope to be with Jamal. When Jamals brother Salim helps her escape and take holds her a car to go look for Jamal so they can be together she puts on her yellow scarf symbolising hope. Setting throughout the film developed an important idea about the mapping of the film to show the audience the real Mumbai.The geographical setting of the film largely took place in the slums of Mumbai, India. This showed the audience the real Mumbai, India. The real Mumbai India was shown by Jamal, Salim and their render go through rubbish, washing their clothes in dirty water and selling anything worth money including selling spots in line at the toilets. o nly of this showed the audience the poverty in India in reality with 45% of the Indian population living in poverty and the dramatic change Jamal had to go through to get Latika back.However it was this poverty in his childhood that gave him the answers to the TV show who wants to be a millionaire and his destiny to get Latika back. Once Jamal is grown up he is on top of a high raised building where the slums used to be this is a contrast to how much Jamal has changed since he was young and in the slums to now how he is a millionaire, the buildings have changed from slums to high raised buildings. Diegetic music was used a lot throughout the film developing the ideas of hope and freedom.A good guinea pig of this was when the deuce boys were running away from Maman (child slave labourer) and they were traveling by train the lyrics of the song were in contrast they cant even catch me helped give a knowing mood as the boys were laughing that they had gotten away. Another use of sound was that of the gamy show Who Wants to be a Millionaire and its theme music that progress tod stress this helped give the idea of hope in every episode and Latika once said Its the perfect opportunity to start again talking about the game show it was Jamals only chance to get Latika.Throughout the film the idea of hope and freedom was shown by visual and verbal features from the costume worn to create the idea of hope between Latika and Jamal. The setting portrayed the real India to the audience and showed what it was like for Jamal and gave him the answers to Who wants to be a Millionaire which gave him the hope to be with Latika when he won. Diegetic sound created tension and showed the hope like on the game show.Slumdog MillionaireAthos, Porthous and Latika Slumdog Millionaire directed by Danny Boyle is about a young boy growing up in the slums of Mumbai, India. The idea of hope is developed throughout the film by using visual and verbal features as Jamal Malik faces a life i n the slums and working child labour, until he finds love with Latika but the power of corrupt India splits them apart and now only destiny will bring them back together. Jamal to get Latika back goes on the Television show Who Wants to be a Millionaire hoping she will be watching.Colour was used very well in the costumes of Latika and she was often seen wearing a very bright yellow. This is happened at very fundamental events and was very symbolic. At the start of the movie amongst the riot Latika (Rubina Ali) is about 6 years old and is seen in yellow this symbolises her innocence as she doesnt know what is happening around her and has no hope of surviving until Jamal and his older brother save her and run away. Yellow symbolises hope and innocence and makes her stick out amongst the crowd drawing attention to her, she is seen in yellow when she has hope to be set free and be with Jamal.When Latika was forced to work with Javed she wore dull cream colours that were scruffy giving the idea she was trapped and as if she had no hope to be with Jamal. When Jamals brother Salim helps her escape and gives her a car to go look for Jamal so they can be together she puts on her yellow scarf symbolising hope. Setting throughout the film developed an important idea about the purpose of the film to show the audience the real Mumbai.The geographical setting of the film largely took place in the slums of Mumbai, India. This showed the audience the real Mumbai, India. The real Mumbai India was shown by Jamal, Salim and their mother sifting through rubbish, washing their clothes in dirty water and selling anything worth money including selling spots in line at the toilets. All of this showed the audience the poverty in India in reality with 45% of the Indian population living in poverty and the dramatic change Jamal had to go through to get Latika back.However it was this poverty in his childhood that gave him the answers to the TV show who wants to be a millionaire and hi s destiny to get Latika back. Once Jamal is grown up he is on top of a high raised building where the slums used to be this is a contrast to how much Jamal has changed since he was young and in the slums to now how he is a millionaire, the buildings have changed from slums to high raised buildings. Diegetic music was used a lot throughout the film developing the ideas of hope and freedom.A good example of this was when the two boys were running away from Maman (child slave labourer) and they were traveling by train the lyrics of the song were in contrast they cant even catch me helped give a happy mood as the boys were laughing that they had gotten away. Another use of sound was that of the game show Who Wants to be a Millionaire and its theme music that created tension this helped give the idea of hope in every episode and Latika once said Its the perfect opportunity to start again talking about the game show it was Jamals only chance to get Latika.Throughout the film the idea of h ope and freedom was shown by visual and verbal features from the costume worn to create the idea of hope between Latika and Jamal. The setting portrayed the real India to the audience and showed what it was like for Jamal and gave him the answers to Who wants to be a Millionaire which gave him the hope to be with Latika when he won. Diegetic sound created tension and showed the hope like on the game show.

Mancuse Illustrations

Today technology has taken over just around every aspect of our daily lives. According to some this is a good thing because it makes our lives easier and more efficient. For others it is not so great for some of the same reasons that its proponents verify it. Technology, and more specific every last(predicate)y technological progress have lead us down a road full of contradictions, which is especially honest in the commonwealth of liberty. It has programmed us to believe that there is another set of primary needs that join the likes of food, clothing, and shelter. If we continue down this road there will come a day when the wireless phone will join this list.Has there been an increase in the scope of societies control over the individual by delegacy of technology? I believe, as does Mancuse, that as opposed to controlling social forces by way of terror, which was employ in totalitarian governments of the past, we now use technology. How is technology used to accomplish this? T echnology promises greater efficiency and an increased standard of living.These atomic number 18 two things that cause us to become slaves, because things are never efficient abundant and we always want more money. Therefore, we can begin to see how in our society the technical apparatus becomes totalitarian. Mancuse illustrates this point by explaining how technology determines not however the socially needed occupations, skills, but also individual needs and aspirations. It is one thing for socially needed occupations to be affected however, when our reclusive existence jeopardise the issue becomes totally different.Does technical progress destroy the opposition surrounded by public and private existence? I would say that it most certainly does. Our private space has been attacked and arguably destroyed. Mancuse argues that due to the effects of mass production and scientific management we react in a mechanical fashion. This is perhaps most explicit the way that technical p rogress manipulates our needs. Simply because progress is made, it does not mean that it has become a fundamental need. Mancuse breaks up our needs into both true and false.The false needs are the ones that are being imposed on the individual by particular social interests. One might argue that we should be able to distinguish between the two. However, this is very difficult when they are seen as desirable and necessary to the prevailing societal institutions and interests. As the title of the book suggests we are becoming, if we are not already, one-dimensional. We are losing our private self. We can only operate in a way that has been manipulated through the exploitation of technical progress.How does technology labor social control? Social control is anchored in the new needs which it has produced. In addition to this statement we can also look to one of the superior of all evils, the division of labor. The division of labor turns the individual into a mere cog in the great mac hine that is our society. There is no better cause of the mechanization of the human being. There is no soul in this type of system, which means that there can be no true gratification. Furthermore, it creates a find of everyone having to be the same, which is exactly how people are controlled. Any type of refusal to go along with the group is looked down upon, causing some to simply get covering in line and others to feel impotent. This is further proof that we have lost our private space.Is technology acting independently? Mancuse argues that one-dimensional thought is systematically promoted by the makers of politics and their purveyors of mass information. I believe that what Mancuse is trying to get at here and in the rest of the chapter is that this closing of a dimension is being through behind our backs. For example, the American Revolution occurred because of the colonists feeling that they were being treated unfairly. They knew that they were not properly represented in parliament so they reacted. In the case of losing a dimension things become much more abstract. We have been and continue to be duped by the makers of politics. Unfortunately, these people are not operating in a way that provokes revolution as opposed to the actions of Great Britain towards the colonies.Overall, I believe that we as an industrialized society have tricked. Tricked into believing that we need certain things. Tricked into giving up our private selves. Tricked into allowing technology to dominate us. Most of us have truly become one-dimensional men. There is no longer a distinction between public and private because we all act the same. We are just parts of a machine that could not work without us, but we are blind to what has happened because it was all done in a way that does not provoke.

Adidas Promotional Campaign

The purpose of this case assignment is to evaluate Adidas new promotional campaign and rank the key factors affecting its success. Promotion serves as one of the fundamental tenets in marketing mix. Promotion is the communication of information by a seller to charm the attitudes and behaviors of potential buyers. 1 (Christ). Advertising, sales promotion, and public relations comprises promotion which are used to target specific buyers. These three aspects of promotion work together to draw off and retain potential and existing buyers and also highlights the foundation of Adidas promotional campaign for the Beijing Olympics. Sportswear manufacturer Adidas recent merger with Reebok represents increased clout the steadfastly can use exert on Nike in upcoming promotions for the Olympics. Nike which currently holds the majority of athletic footwear market has done an excellent job promoting its products to counsel on target markets. Both manufacturers target the same markets which in clude the Basketb on the whole, Soccer, and Footb all in all athletes, as well as, Hip skip over culture. 4 Promoting sales of sportswear with the use of professional athletes has been a venture both Adidas and Nike have done very well. However, Adidas took a big hit when Nike was capable of capitalizing on the Hip Hop Nation, or subculture closely intertwined with doing sportswear. Rapper artist, Nelly, wrote a song about Nike shoes in 2005, underscoring Nikes image change from solely performance sportswear to including fashionable and cool.Adidas returned with signing performing artists Jay-Z, Missy Elliott, and 50-Cent to their sportswear lines. Promotional campaigns by both Adidas and Nike reflect consumer focus when purchasing athletic array is not solely tied to performance, and suggests that some consumers view athletic apparel as a reflection of personality and a fashion statement. A posture from Gonzalo Basilico, a 12 yr old student, supports this notion, I bid Adidas , but I still prefer Nike for the fashion, colours, combinations . . Its all Nike at school. Everyone talks about Nike, no one talks about the others. 5 Adidas merger will allow them to compete on multiple fronts, and also eliminates the no. 3 contender, Reebok, from the competition. The combination of the dickens will allow Adidas to focus on both performance and fashion sportswear. Adidas styled high heel shoes pictured on their website, indicate a electrical switch Adidas intention of attempting to claim both the performance and fashion athletic apparel markets. Moreover, Adidas will be able to promote their brands Adidas and Reebok by targeting specific athletic groups like Soccer and Football respectively, that hold one or the other in high regards. 7 Both Adidas and Nike have robust advertising campaigns. Webpage, television, and magazine advertisements all suggest that the products are not merely performance sportswear, theyre fashion statements. Adidas iconic 3 stripes a nd Nikes swoosh are plastered all of over their advertisements and products.The icons which at first were a company logo, represent a designer label that consumers want. Adidas division of efforts amongst the Adidas and Reebok lines will serve them well in the future. Reebok will be focused on middle priced shoes, while Adidas will focus on high end sport performance and fashion. Division of efforts between the two will pose a formidable advantage against, Nike, the current no. 1 contender in the sport performance apparel market. References 1. Christ, P. (2008). Principles of Marketing. Retrieved 20 JUL 08 from http//www. knowthis. om/tutorials/principles-of-marketing/promotion-decisions/1. htm 2. Unknown (2008). The Promotional Mix. Retreived 20 JUL 08 from http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Promotional_mixcite_note-0 3. Kiley, D. (2005). Reebok and Adidas. Retrieved 20 JUL 08 from http//www. businessweek. com/bwdaily/dnflash/aug2005/nf2005084_8340. htm 4. Ibid. 5. Richardson, B. (2005 ). Adidas Bid Raises Image Concerns. Retrieved 20 JUL 08 from http//news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/business/4741343. stm 6. Adidas (2008). Adidas Homepage. Retrieved 20 JUL 08 from http//www. adidas. com 7. Kiley, D. (2005).

Empirical Formula of a Hydrate-CE Essay

Conclusion and EvaluationAspect 1 Based on the interpreted data of group A, the empirical face of atomic number 13 chloride did not stay the same. The expected empirical formula was. In group A the empirical formulas ar as followedGroup NameEmpirical formulaLaurie & JordanRica, Victoria & StephanieVince & JoshJane & KaitylnSo, as a group, we all had a different outcome of the empirical formula but the percent composition of water is the same for all. 11.2% for hydrogen and 88.8% for oxygen as shown in table 7.3.A random error would be the measurement of the hydrate crystal. A scoopula was used to measure 3g. similarly an some other one would be the electronic balance having an uncertainty of 0.001g. A systematic error would be heating the evaporating parcel out through a wire mesh instead of a clay triangle.You notice that the theoretical yield and experimental yield values are shown in a pie graph. Both of the pie graphs are the exact same as both percentages are 11.2% and 8 8.8%. In these pie graphs, neither trends nor patterns apply.Aspect 2 The procedural flunkes are stated above. For example the measurement of the hydrate crystal wouldve affected the lab. There wasnt an accurate measurement so that couldve affected the weight of the final product or the reaction of the product. Another weakness was that the evaporating dish was being heated through a wire mesh instead of a clay triangle. The wire mesh had a white finishing on it, so therefore the evaporating dish was being heated indirectly and the wire mesh would absorb the heat itself. This would affect the heating process of the evaporating dish and the substance inside of it. There were a few assumptions made in this particular lab. They are as followedAssumptionPossible effect on the exitAll of the moisture was removed from the evaporating dishIf all the moisture wasnt removed, then an accurate and precise reaction isnt obtained.The aluminum chloride was pureIf alloyed aluminum chloride was used then other products could have formedThe only substance reacting with the aluminum chloride was itself as a hydrate formThis could have had other reactions which therefore will affect the products formed.All of the aluminum chloride hydrate evaporatedCould possibly effect the measurement of the weight3g of aluminum chloride was added to the evaporating dishObviously if there were less(prenominal) or more than 3g added, it will affect the outcome resultThe quality of the data was fair. The precision and the true of the aluminum was absent since it was measured by a scoopula and estimation. Although, the same balance was used to weigh all the raft, therefore the accuracy of those measurements were present with the exception of the uncertainty0.001g.Aspect 3 If this lab were to be redone, I think that everything should stay the same besides 2 factors which are the use of wire mesh and the measurement of the hydrate crystal. If we were to use a clay triangle instead of the wire mesh, the evaporating dish would have been directly heated instead of being indirectly heated. This would remove the systematic error. A better precision and accuracy would be obtained if we actually used a measuring device. For example, a measuring spoon wouldve been more accurate than the scoopula. Using the same balance for all masses would obtain greater control of variables and reduce the random error.

Analysis of Albert Ellis’s Life Experiences and Psychological Philosophies Essay

At the age of 12 his parents divorced (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). These dickens life-altering pillowcases were, in part, what led him to begin focusing his mind on understanding people (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). In junior high school Albert Ellis dreamed of becoming a great novelist (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997) but by the period he reached college age, he obdurate it might be much(prenominal) practical to become an accountant instead. However, he programmened to retire by the age of 30 so that he could then take up writing at his aver leisure (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997).Due in part to the Great Depression, his goals changed but he did go on to graduate college in 1934 with a degree in business (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). After graduation he and his br opposite became entrepreneurs and started their ingest business. They sold pants purchased from the garment district (DiGiuseppe 1989, E llis 1992, , Sheehy 1997). In 1938 a gift and novelty firm sedulous him as their personal manager.Some of his controversial articles embarrassd The Influence of Heterosexual Cultures on the Attitudes of Homosexuals (1951) and Prostitution Re-assessed (1951) both of these articles were written for the International Journal of Sexology (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis writings were groundbreaking material that opened the door to the sexual conversion of the 1960s and the queer and lesbian rights movement in the 1970s (Ellis 1992). These writings were controversial at that time and may have stigmatized or put a prejudicial label on Albert Ellis.However, these writings as well as references from his friends was how he formed his leaf node base (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Most of Albert Ellis early clients were item-by-items and couples suffering from sex, neck and marital problems (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 1992, , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis also grew his private practice through publicity from his talks, whole shebanghops, radio, and television presentations which led to referrals from a reckon of psychologists with whom he had no personal relationship with (Ellis 1997).Besides maintaining a full-time private practice, Albert Ellis also entrap the time to become the first Chairman of the first Committee on Private Practice of the segment of Clinical Psychology of the Ameri grass Psychological Association (Ellis 1997). During that time he conducted a study of the members of the American Psychological Association (Ellis 1997). This study showed that only 56% of the American Psychological Association members were containd in some kind of paid private practice, and only 30% devoted 20 or more hours a week (Ellis 1997).Only a few persons including Albert Ellis were in full-time private practices (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis also worked with sacred Ilsley Boone on a New York District Federal move to legally sell nudis t magazines (Ellis 1997)_. _ They befuddled the New York District Federal court case and immediately start working on a brief for the United States Supreme Court and alternately reversed and New York district Federal Court decision (Ellis 1997). This was a major victory for nudists across the country (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis quickly became an Idol for mevery American nudists (Ellis 1997).Philosophical and Psychological Beliefs Albert Ellis experimented with various forms of psychotherapy following therapies that he believed work better than others and disregarded everything else. Albert Ellis began mental synthesis his own therapeutic process and started questioning traditional Freudian psychoanalysis. In 1953 Albert Ellis started calling himself a clinical psychologist instead of the traditional psychoanalyst label (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis thought that this change of title would separate him from the classical psychoanalytic practices (DiGiuseppe 19 89 , Ellis 1997, 2004).Albert Ellis had a passion for reading early philosophy e. g. Epictetus and Spinoza (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1992). Albert Ellis also read famous works from the expanding psychologist of his time e. g. Alfred Adler and Karen Horney (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). His study of philosophy and psychology also led him to become interested in understanding the philosophy of happiness. Albert Ellis came to the conclusion that if an individuals basic needs were met, the individual would be happy. He found that basic needs were only part of the equation for personal happiness.Albert Ellis then focused on negative thoughts. Albert Ellis thought that if people had a sagacious philosophy of life they would rarely be emotionally disturbed (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 1997, 2004). Albert Ellis formulated a theory that psychological issues and emotional issues of the individual were causing the negative thoughts or what Albert Ellis called incoherent beliefs (Ellis 199 7, 2004). Rational Emotive behavioural Therapy Basics Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is a therapy in which individuals change their perceived believes just about perceived negative events.Albert Ellis acquired several disabilities such as diabetes, tired eyes, lacking(p) hearing, as well as other physical handicaps (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis used Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) to repress his negative perceptions of his disabilities. If you really accept it, and live whining about it, you can turn some of its lemons into quite rich lemonade (Ellis 1997). Albert Ellis used rational emotive airal therapy (REBT), on himself, in 1943 soon after he became a practicing psychologist (Ellis 1997, 2004).Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) is an important and useful therapy still used today. First, an individual must be aware of their incorrect thoughts or explain to the individual that the track they perceive an event is erroneous. Then, the individua l must substitute the chimerical thought with rational thought. Finally the individual believes in unlearned self bankers acceptance (USA) (Ellis 1997, 2004). Unconditional self acceptance (USA) is when an individual learns to accept and love their self for who they are rather than what they do.The unconditional self acceptance (USA) is reached when the low frustration valuation account (LFT) is raised and ultimately achieves high frustration tolerance (HFT) (Ellis 1997, 2004). The first principles of REBT Albert Ellis believed emotional problems that an individual suffers from are the link to a set of irrational beliefs held about themselves, others, and the world they live in. These rational beliefs perpetuate negative self talk in the individuals consciousness. The negative self talk puts emphasis on shoulds, oughts, and musts of irrational mentation.Rational emotive behavioural therapy attempts to replace these irrational beliefs with new rational thoughts. The process of functioning the client change their irrational believes is a two touchstone process. The first step is setting up or choosing for themselves certain happiness producing values, purposes, goals, or viewls and effective, flexible, scientific, logico-empirical sic slip expression to achieve these values and goals and upload boarding contradictory or self defeating result (Ellis 1997, 2004). Rational beliefs or irrational beliefs shape who we are how we act.Albert Ellis created an alphabet deterrent eccentric to help both the client and the therapist engage and treat unrealistic, immature, and absolutist modes of view into realistic, mature, logical, and a realistic approach to persuasion (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). The A in the ABC model refers to the activating an event. Activating events are events that trigger or cause our beliefs and perception. The Activating event could be a real piazza that the individual had experience are could be inferred event were individual the ir own meeting contrary to what the situation was (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 2004).In Either case the activating event is negative stimuli cause by an event or situation triggers any irrational belief (Ellis 2004). The B in the ABC model is beliefs that shape an individual emotions and behaviors (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). In other word, an individual who experiences an activating event then forms a belief based upon that activating event affecting their decision-making about their consequences and/or reaction to other stimuli (Ellis 2004). These Beliefs can either be youre rational or rational (Ellis 2004).The C in the ABC model stands for the consequences of the irrational beliefs (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). in that respect are emotional and behavioral consequences, either despotic or negative, to a set of beliefs about the activating event (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Individuals that suffer from irrational beliefs about a given situation lead likely suffer from un siz able negative emotions (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Unhealthy negative emotions are extreme emotions that can manifest themselves in a variety of forms e. g. guilt, anxiety, andor depression (Ellis 2004).The extreme negative feelings are so penetrating that the individual discomfit with these emotions often cannot function normally (DiGiuseppe 1989 , Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis does not believe that one should live a life free of negative emotions (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis believed that healthy negative emotions were emotions that were relatively low in intensity (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis believed that the healthy negative emotions experienced in a mentally healthy individual can modify behavior for the betterment of the individuals life (DiGiuseppe 1989, Ellis 2004).Albert Ellis later added the (D), (E), and (F) to his ABCs ofRational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (Ellis 2004). The D is disputing the irrational beliefs that the individual possesses about the activating event (Ell is 2004). The E or effect the person feels is only achieved when the individual or client successfully disputes the irrational belief and replaces the irrational belief with a rational belief (Ellis 2004). This entrust ultimately lead to a new effect in the persons behavior. The effect result then lead the individual to a healthier and happier focusing of feeling F (Ellis 2004).The application of the rational emotive behavioral therapys ABC model allows people to visualize how their reactions to events are formed (Ellis 2004). once an individual visualizes how irrational beliefs are formed and changes their behavior negatively therapy will, more than likely, be successful. The 4 go of applying the ABC model Rational emotive behavioral therapy is an approach that makes the client participates in an active role in the therapy process. There are four steps in applying the ABC model.As the client Progresses through the four steps will work through an individuals irrational beliefs and use certain skills to combat any irrational beliefs that may arise after private counseling has ended (Ellis 2004). Step one is to denounce the individuals or clients irrational beliefs in their current mode of thinking (Ellis 2004). In many cases the individuals of clients have had these irrational beliefs for so long that they cannot distinguish their irrational beliefs from normal rational beliefs (Ellis 2004).Also when the individual or the client has family and friends reinforcing their irrational beliefs, even though the irrational beliefs may not fall into societal norms, only reinforces the idea that their irrational beliefs are rational or normal (Ellis 2004). The first step, basically, outlines the treatment plan and formulates a plan of action to dispute the irrational beliefs. Clients must be aware of their irrational and rational beliefs and distinguish the differences among the two different beliefs.In step two the client or individual expands their understanding of what is irrational and what is rational (Ellis 2004). This step is similar to step one, but step two the therapy is more in-depth and intense. In step two the client or individual must be made aware of their irrational beliefs and how the individuals irrational beliefs are perpetuating their own turmoil (Ellis 2004). If the client or individual continues to think unreasonable or irrational, they will repeat their irrational behavior and have continued unpleasant feeling that interrupt their normal way of life (Ellis 2004).In showing the individual or client the pattern of their irrational beliefs and the consequences their irrational beliefs confab on them is detrimental to the success of their treatment (Ellis 2004). Only when the client can distinguish the difference in the midst of rational beliefs and irrational beliefs, can realize that the negative problems they are having are in direct correlational statistics with their irrational beliefs, and can see the pattern they follow when irrational beliefs are present (Ellis 2004). Step terzetto begins once the previous objectives have been met.In step three the individual or client will learn how to stop illogical or irrational beliefs and change the irrational and negative pattern into a new logical and rational mode of thinking and behaving (Ellis 2004). This is achieved when the individual ceases the negative self talk and stop the irrational beliefs from affecting their mode of thinking (Ellis 2004). Many individuals have their irrational beliefs so embedded in their mode of behaving and their mode thinking that the individual may not even be aware that their irrational beliefs are irrational (Ellis 2004).The client with help from their therapist will attempt to identify the irrational beliefs from the rational beliefs (Ellis 2004). In the fourth and final step the client has identified their irrational beliefs (Ellis 2004). The client along with the help of the therapist, work to modify the clien ts negative way of thinking and identify and change the clients irrational beliefs into rational modes of thinking (Ellis 2004). The therapist works with the client until a new set of rational beliefs are fashioned (Ellis 2004).Once the irrational belief arranging is replaced by a more rational and logical belief system the client will notice negative feelings and negative behaviors change into a more positive feelings and positive behaviors (Ellis 2004). The rational emotive behavioral theapry techniques used by the therapist to dispute irrational beliefs can variegate from client to client depending on the type of the client and modes of irrational thinking REBT Techniques Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy is a multimodal form of therapy (Ellis 2004).Some of the different techniques used in Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy include Disputing the clients irrational beliefs, changing the language of the client, and emotive techniques like role contend and rational emotive inv entory (Ellis 2004). These different techniques can be used to modify several types or irrational behaviors caused by irrational beliefs e. g. anxiety, depression, anger, and addictions (Ellis 2004). These techniques show the client how to refute their irrational beliefs in a distinct and rapid method.Disputing the clients irrational beliefs technique is a technique that makes the client challenge their beliefs and modes of thinking (Ellis 2004). In this technique the therapist presents a series of questions such as Why do you gull this? or Why must it be this way? When the client answers these questions the client start to realize that the way they are thinking is irrational (Ellis 2004). The language of the client technique disputes the shoulds and the oughts in the clients way of thinking (Ellis 2004). In most cases the language used by the client forms their irrational way of thinking (Ellis 2004).By changing the shoulds and the oughts into wishes, wants, and desires may chang e the clients irrational beliefs (Ellis 2004). Example of Self-Application of REBT The techniques outlined by Albert Ellis shows how simplistic but meaningful Rational Emotive Behavioral Therapy (REBT) can be (Ellis 2004). Take for example when Albert Ellis gets impatient or angry about his various limitations (Ellis 2004). Albert Ellis says to himself Too damn terrible I really do not like taking all this time and effort to deal with my impairments and wish to colliery that I didnt have to do so. But alas, I do.It is hard doing so many things to keep myself in a relatively healthy condition, but it is much harder in the long run and much more painful and deadly, if I do not keep doing this. There is no reason any(prenominal) why I absolutely must have it easier than I do. Yes it is unfair for me to be more afflicted than many other people are. But, damn it, I should be just as afflicted as I am Unfairness should exist in the worldto me, and to whomever else it does existbecause i t does exist Too bad that it doesbut it does sic Albert Ellis lived a full and rich life filled with controversy and an outspoken attitude.Albert Ellis fought for gay and lesbian rights and the right to send uncensored or obscene chain armour through the Federal mail system. Albert Ellis was also one of the first individuals start their own private practice as a psychologist.

Analysis of Kate Chopin’s “The Storm” Essay

Kate Chopins short story, The Storm, principally revolves around the subject area of adultery. This is depicted by the storys two main characters, Calixta and Alcee, who became involved in a momentary affair with one another. In the story, Alcee, who is Calixtas former lover, had to take refuge into her foot because of a strong storm passing by. Upon doing so, the two rekindled their past affections, which are mainly sensual, for each other. The reputation of adultery was first depicted the moment Calixta let Alcee into her home. This was also the first instance that the author showed that she whitethorn still have hidden desires for Alcee. This was vividly illustrated when Calixta was startled (Chopin) by Alcee as if she was in a day-dream (Chopin). Although she was mainly concerned for her husband, Bobint, and her son, Bibi, who both decided to remain on a store until the storm had passed, she finally gave in to Alcee when he hugged her and they subsequently had sex, which si gnifies that her feelings for him were still alive. However, despite the fact that adultery was evidently the main theme of the story, the actions of Calixta and Alcee had no negative consequences or adverse affects. This was shown when the author depicted that the sexual activity of the two heightened incisively as the storm ravaged the surroundings. In short, like any other storm, the author implied that adultery was commonplace and natural. This was further supported by the last sentence in the story which was So the storm passed and everyone was riant (Chopin). In other words, the storm symbolized, in a way, the adulterous acts of Calixta and Alcee. But the difference is, their actions did not adversely affect any character in the story as everyone remained happy.Works CitedChopin, Kate. The Storm. About.com. 2008. 27 September 2008 .

Revenue recognition Essay

The study has been conducted to harbour a view on tax income Recognition and how is important for entities in financial reputationing and the marry between gross quotation and imaginative write up.The primary issue in bill for tax taxation enhancement is to find out when to recognize revenue. gross is recognized when it is probable that future economic benefits result flow to the entity and these benefits support be c beful reliably. There atomic number 18 identifiable criteria to be met and for revenue to be recognized. By definition, Revenue is the rank inflow of economic benefits during the period arising in the course of the ordinary activities of an entity when those inflows result in adds in equity, separate than accessions relating to contributions from equity participants.The entities revenue may be arising from the exploits and events, such as the change of goods the rendering of go and the use by early(a)wises of entity assets yielding interest, royalties and dividends.The fruition criteria usu wholey employ separately to distributively execution. However, in authoritative circumstances, it is necessary to apply the identification criteria to the separately identifiable components of a single transaction in drift to reflect the substance of the transaction transactions atomic number 18 dealt with shall be measured at the fair assess of the consideration received or receivable.Fair value is the marrow of money for which an asset could be exchanged, or a liability settled, between knowledgeable, willing parties in an arms length transaction.1 fanciful on the other get through nurtures to the use of invoice knowledge to go the reported figures while the jurisdiction of accountancy rules and laws, so that instead of showing the actual transaction or position of the connection, they reflect what the management want to verbalize the lotholders. It is the transformation of financial accounting figures from wh at they actually be to what preparer desires by taking advantages of the existing rules and /or ignoring close to of them2.There are number of shipway management can use to physical exercise Creative accounting such the choice of accounting policy and overly the use of artificialtransactions to Revenue Recognition. The focal agitate of this study lies more on the Revenue intuition a puppet of original accounting. The perplexity bearing is to maximize shareholders wealth. Sometimes Organizations performance do not always be good to meet this objective, Management may use germinal accounting tactics to create a good image of comp whatsoever (find ways to improve results) to meet the objective of shareholders. Also Management use creative accounting to maximize for their own wealth maximization, among other thing is end bonus and salaries incrementsLiterature ReviewRevenue recognitionFinancial reporting statements are woodpeckers to communicate entity performance to ess ential and external substance abusers of its financial results information. Revenue recognition is important aspect of organizational.The performance organization is measured based on the results from its operations activities and the bottom job (the profit) plays a significant role. Revenue is determinant of performance of Organization since the profit which is indicator of organizational performance is the results of the Organizations total revenue less total costs.Internation account Standard (IAS) 18 Revenue recognition, specify criteria to meet for revenue to be recognized in Financial Statements.By definition, Revenue is the double-dyed(a) inflow of economic benefits (cash, receivables, other assets) arising from the ordinary operating activities of an entity (such as sales of goods, sales of returnss, interest, royalties, and dividends) Recognition of revenue, recognition, as defined in the International Accounting Standard placard (IASB) Framework, means incorporating a n item that meets the definition of revenue (above) in the income statement when it meets the following criteria, that Its probable that any future economic benefit associated with the item of revenue will flow to the entity, and the amount of revenue can be measured with reliability.As mentioned, each use has its recognition criteria on top of the one mention. These are as follows Sale of goodsRevenue arising from the sale of goods should be recognized when all of thefollowing criteria have been satisfied i. The trafficker has transferred to the buyer the significant risks and rewards of ownership ii. The seller retains n each continuing managerial involvement to the degree usually associated with ownership nor effective control over the goods sold iii.The amount of revenue can be measured reliablyiv. It is probable that the economic benefits associated with the transaction will flow to the seller, and v. The costs incurred or to be incurred in respect of the transaction can be measured reliablyRendering of servicesFor revenue arising from the rendering of services, deliverd that all of the following criteria are met, revenue should be recognized by reference to the stage of completion of the transaction at the balance weather sheet date (the percentage-of-completion method) i. The amount of revenue can be measured reliablyii. It is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the seller iii. The stage of completion at the balance sheet date can be measured reliably and iv. The costs incurred, or to be incurred, in respect of the transaction can be measured reliably.When the above criteria are not met, revenue arising from the rendering of services should be recognized unaccompanied to the extent of the expenses recognized that are re secreteable (a cost-recovery approach)Interest, royalties, and dividendsFor interest, royalties and dividends, provided that it is probable that the economic benefits will flow to the enterprise and the amount of reven ue can be measured reliably, revenue should be recognized as follows i. Interest utilise the effective interest methodii. Royalties on an accruals basis in accordance with the substance of the relevant cartel iii. Dividends when the shareholders right to receive payment is establishedCreative AccountingCreative accounting refers to the use of accounting knowledge to influence the reported figures, while re primary(prenominal)ing within the jurisdiction of accounting rules and laws, so that instead of showing the actual performance or position of the company, they reflect what the management wants to bear witness the stakeholders. Purposeful intervention in the external financial reporting process with the intent of obtaining some single(a) gain. There are some many ways management can use to practice creative accounting such as choices of accounting policies, use of artificial transactions and revenue recognition. In this study, our main taper will be on later, the revenue reco gnition.Revenue Recognition is the most manipulated item. Deloitte on its retread on what fraud scheme are most common, revenue recognition represent 41% of all fraud schemes in United States between 2000-2006.For Many Companies the revenue figure is a single aggregate big number. Creative accountant has always known that, one of the ways to en grownup profit is to inflate revenue. In achieving this goal first they manipulate fair value measurement criteria.The criteria are subjective and count upon the parties to the transactions integrity. The fair value determination is based on knowledge and willingness of the parties to the transactions. Secondly they recognize revenue before it is earned i.e. pre mature recognition of revenue. In composite plant transactions which involves the lengthy stages of sale in particular with accrual system.The recognition of revenue in terms of its timing can be very unclear, and accordingly the opportunity for utilisation occurs and this can facilitate premature recognition of revenue. Before looking how revenue recognition link with creative accounting, first we have to look the motive behind Creative accounting. Dr. Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah and Dr. Safdar Butt in their article Creative Accounting A Tool to Help Companies in a Crisis or a Practice to Land Them into Crises which besides appeared on NBAA journal No.28 of April-June 2010states and explains the following as motives for creative accounting.To meet internal targetsThe managers want to cook the books for meeting internal targets set by higher management with respect to sales, positiveness and share prices.Meet external expectations.Company has to face many expectations from its stakeholders. The Employees and customers want long term choice of the company for their interests. Suppliers want assurance about the payment and long term relationships with the company. Company in addition wants to midpoint analysts forecasts and dividend payout pattern.Provide income smoothing.Companies want to show steady income stream to impress the investors and to keep the share prices stable. Advocates of this approach favor it on account of measure against the short-termism of evaluating an investment funds on the basis of the immediate yields. It also avoids raising expectations too high to be met by the management.TaxationThe creative accounting may also be a result of desire for some tax benefit especially when taxable income is measured through accounting numbers.Change in managementThere is another important tendency of raw managers to show losses due to poor management of old management by some eatableRevenue Recognition as method for Creative accounting practices There are number of ways management use to conduct creative management, among them is revenue recognition. Firms virtually have a free hand in timing the booking of their revenues at any stage starting from the moment sales contracts are signed till the promised product or service has been fully delivered to and accepted by the clients.For this we can refer to a classic example of Microsoft which was heavily fined by US SEC for its manipulative revenue recognition policy. Microsoft recognized only a small percentage (20-30%) as revenue at the time of the sale and remaining amount was kept as provision for future after sales services. Why Microsoft adoptive that strategy.The answer is to (1) hide substantial profits, (2) signaling effects, (3) avoiding complacency and last but not the least (4) to report smoothedearnings to its shareholders & stakeholders.3 Moreover, NBAA Account Journal vol.25 No 4 October December 2010, out demarcation line ways in which Revenue Recognition can be employ as a method of creative accounting. This overwhelm but not limited to popular revenue Manipulations and channel fecundation, triplex element arrangements, side earn or agreement and non substantive round trip arrangement, Bill and hold arrangements, backdated contracts and Fictitious transactionsCommon revenue ManipulationsRevenue recognition irregularities often involves both omission and commission acts which are inherently either or both inclusive and exclusive of creative accounting manipulation.In books and records include commissions such as morose entries,misstated contracts,back dating,misapplication of accounting standards.Commissions result into overstated revenue,mis-timing of recognition,overstated receivables.Channel StuffingChannel Stuffing is a practice of bring revenue forward from future fiscal periods.This is done by inducing customers to submit purchase orders in advance.Channel Stuffing is an example of real earning management which involves manipulation of real or normal operations to influence reported performance. A good example of channel stuffing is Coca cola channel stuffing practice of 1997 to 1999 where coca cola offered downheartedstream bottlers extended credit to induce them to purchase more than demanded.Multipl e element arrangements,IAS 18 provides guidance on revenue gain from the normal sale of goods and provision of services. The complex issues that arise from the principle-agent relationship and sextuple element arrangement .The revenue collected for third parties is not to be recognized by an entity.For example, in a telecommunication industry, operator firm form alliances and enter into human face letters or agreementThis involves act of seller to credit the buyer for unsold goods or to provide future stock rotation rights or to extend payment terms such that atransaction becomes a consignmentBill and hold arrangements,This include the sale of product and performing the warehousing service for the product.It is a contract of supplying goods where the seller transfer the title but does not transfer physically deliver the goods until a later date.The bill and hold arrangement are popular in the oil and gas industry as well as international sales.They are only acceptable when it is probably that the delivery will be made,the items on hand is identified and ready for delivery to the buyer at the time when sale is recognized, the buyer specialally recognizes the differed delivered instructions and the usual payment terms apply. The sale on bill and hold arrangement must satisfy conditions that the seller only retains the goods for safe keeping and transportation and the goods must not used by the seller to fulfill other orders.When these condition are met then sales can be recognized on a bill and hold arrangements. In practice these rules can be violated by seller and this go to be an act of creative accounting. The specific case in point would be on timing of the recognition between categorys as the transfer of risks and rewards can be distinguish and difficult to uncover. Therefore due to this the Revenue recognition can be shifted forward or backward to suit the needs of the creative accounting.Backdated ContractsBackdating of revenues contracts facilita tes early recognition of revenue than normally expected recognition date. Company must comply with any laws, rules and regulations relating to dating documents used in business. Any departure from this may attract litigation because such backdating may amount to fraud, forgery and condemnable offenses.Recognition of revenue earlier than its expected date act as a method of creative accounting because the financial statements for early recognition period will not present a truthful and fair value of the companys performance, rather performance results from manipulated figure through creative accounting. legitimate TransactionGenuine transactions can also be timed so as to go by the desired impressionin the accounts. As an example, suppose a business has an investment at past cost which can easily be sold for a higher sales price, being the accredited value. The managers of the business are free to choose in which year they sell the investment and so increase the profit in the ac counts Fictitious TransactionsFinancial Statements are inflated by recording sales of goods or services that never occurred or by inflating actual sales. This is one of the leading malicious manipulations than the other type of earning management because it engrosses documents falsification, forgeryand manipulation. On the other hand simulated revenue can be naturalized with side agreements, contra agreements (sales that offset a purchase transaction) and conditional sales.Practical ExampleXerox Corporation citation The Wall Street Journal, February 6, 2001Xerox Corporation had the habit of recognizing leasing payments as sales. In April 2002, after an investigation by the SEC, the American company was forced to reclassify its financial statements for the years 1997 to 2000 and reduce recognized revenues by US$3,000 million and profits by US$1,500 million, with equity being reduced in the analogous amount. As a result, the SEC fined Xerox US$10 million. By that time, the price of the companys shares had plummeted from US$62 to US$4.5.How did this company manipulate its revenue figures?Xerox sold customers photocopiers under long-term agreements, in which the customers paid a sum of money to Xerox, part of which was to purchase the machine and the other part to cover repairs and maintenance on a long-term basis. This was not problematic in itself from a bookkeeping perspective, provided that the amount corresponding to the sale price of the machine was recognized as revenue in the first year, positivistic revenues corresponding to maintenance services in the current year, transferring the rest of the received amount to deferred Revenues, which, in turn, were enter as salesin the year in which the repair services were rendered. So, if a photocopier, for example, is valued at US$100, and five-year maintenance costs US$50, the customer would pay Xerox US$150 when get the machine.The correct accounting method for recording this operation, if the transaction w ere performed on 1 January, would be to recognize US$110 of sales in year 1 and US$10 of sales in each of the following four years. Accounting malpractice on the part of Xerox consisted in recognizing US$125 of revenues from the sale of the machine, thus undervaluing the amount of future repair services, recording US$130 as revenues in year 1 and deferring only US$20 over the remaining four years of the contract. In this way, it increase year 1profits substantially and reduced future profits. The total amount of the transaction in sales remained the same (US$150) the problem is simply the timing of the recognition of these salesENRONEnron and other energy merchants earned profits by providing services such as wholesale trading and risk management in addition to create electric power plants, natural gas pipelines, storage, and processing facilities. When taking on the risk of purchase and sell products, merchants are allowed to report the selling price as revenues and the products costs as cost of goods sold. In ancestry an agent provides a service to the customer, but does not take on the same risks as merchants for buying and selling.Service providers, when classified as agents, are able to report trading and brokerage fees as revenue. Enrons method of reporting inflated trading revenue was later adopted by other companies in the energy trading industry in attempt to stay competitive with the companys large increase in revenue. Enrons use of distorted, hyper-inflated revenues was more important to it in creating the impression of innovation, high growth, and owing(p) business performance than the masking of debt. Between 1996 to 2000, Enrons revenues increased by more than 750%, rising from $13.3 one million million million in 1996 to $100.8 billion in 2000.This extensive expansion of 65% per year was unprecedented in any industry, including the energy industry which typically considered growth of 2-3% per year to be respectable for just the first nigh tclub months of 2001 Enron reported $138.7 billion inrevenues, which placed the company at the sixth position on the sight global 500.Group Discussion Regarding Revenue RecognitionThe Management objective is to maximize shareholders wealth and this is achieved when the companies they are managing are performing well, recording high revenue figure and a good bottom line figure, the profit.Though this study we have learn that, Revenue recognition and Creative accounting is a tool which is much deal a weapon. If used correctly it can be of great benefit to the user but if it is mishandled it can cause much harm. Many people are taking creative accounting as negative act the image to their mind is that creative accounting is dishonest act and manipulation of figures. Though the study we have learned out that Creative accounting has both advantages and disadvantages. It can back up the company to get out of a crisis than land them to a crisis. Therefore our discussion will focus much the advantages of creative accounting as the results of Revenue Recognition to the Organization.Not all aspects of revenue are covered under IAS 18 (Revenue Recognition), which give the room to management to use their judgments which will ends up with results favors position. For example IAS 18 provides guidelines on revenue gain from the normal sale of goods and provision of services. The revenue that arises from the principle-agent relationship and multiple element arrangement is not falls on the twain. Deciding whether one operator is acting as an agent in delivering of services is subjective and unclear. Thus the decision will be based on matter of judgment and circumstances of situation. When Management use their judgment to recognize revenue for situation like this we can not say they have manipulated the figure, therefore creative accounting become advantageous to them.Creative accounting also can be used in genuine transactions. For example, the disposal of Investment, the authorization of sale lies on owners but the decision on when to sale is on hands of Management. For example, if the Company have investment of TZS 2m at historical cost which can be easily sold for TZS 3m in current Value, when authorize to sale, the Management of Company are free to choose in which year to sell the investment and to increase profit in the company results.Due to the tendency of Investors preference on smooth income to up and downincome, Management would like to dispose this Investment in the period when they see the entitys performance is poor. The revenue from sale will serving to boost their performance and end up reporting smooth income and help to meet expectations. This is creative accounting, but applied on genuine transaction and according to the requirement of the transaction. Revenue recognition acts as a method of creative accounting but on genuine transaction.The two examples we have discussed explain in brief how weapon, creative accounting could be b eneficial to Company. When using creative accounting on in good manner, if the Company is in crisis, can help the company to take away loans from Bank, to attract Investors and also to motivate employees because not only lenders and Invertors interested with Company Performance, Employees also interested to watch their job security and this is important because will enable the Company to retain their key personnel and also attract more qualified workersConclusionCreative Accounting is both desirable and undesirable. It depends on the point of ones argument. The practice of creative management has some advantages and disadvantages. Creative accounting is a tool which helps a company to get out of crisis than to land in it. It is much like a weapon. If used correctly it can be a great benefit to the user. Some advantages of creative accounting as a result of revenue recognition has helped to stabilize share prices, helps/helped companies to straighten their borrowing limits and resc ue companies from hostiles takeover.On other hand it has brought more harm to companies especially through untimely corporate failures that have brought spacious losses to various stakeholders. Also the improper use of such creative accounting practices had fooled both auditors and regulators in the past and it continues to do the same.The complex and diverse nature of the business transactions and the latitude available in the accounting standards and policies make it difficult to handle the issue of creative accounting. It is not that creative accounting solutions are always wrong. It is the intent and the magnitude of the disclosure whichdetermines its true nature and justification. Revenue recognition can as a tool can enhance both advantage and disadvantages of creative accounting.When Revenue recognition applied on genuine transaction and company end up with good results it enhance the advantages of using creative accounting practices but the worse of it is when it is used to recognize revenue on artificial transactions and fictitious transactions, this end up landing the company into crisis like ENRON, this is disadvantages of practicing creative accounting.REFERENCE1. The Accountant. The Journal of the National Board of Accountants and Auditors Tanzania.No.4 October-December,2010 2. The Journal of the National Board of Accountants and Auditors Tanzania.Vol.25 No.28 April-June 2012 3. The Wall Street Journal, February 6, 20014. Oriol,AmatJournal of Economic Literature classification M41.Creative Accounting Nature, Incidence and Ethical Issues

Index Numbers of Commodity Prices and Industries

Index be pool of Commodity Prices and Industries In India list arrives are constructed for a wide range of economic subjects and their aim is constantly increasing. The construction of indication finger meter started in India as early as the last fourth of 19th century. The main use of index falls is to facilitate the assessment of average changes over the long time with regard to wide range of economic activities. Many official and non-official agencies compile and publish index number of various kind. Index number of industrial production The Index Number of Industrial production was first base compiled by the Office of theEconomic Adviser to the Government of India with base 1937 = 100. The index has been revised from time to time with comply to the base year, the basis of weighing and the coverage of items. The current index number is with base 1970 = 100 and the items cover are divided into four groups, viz. , i. Basic industries, it. Capital goods industries, iii. I ntermediate goods industries and v. Consumer goods industries. Index numbers of trade good determines Index Number of commodity prices may be broadly classified as index number of in large quantities prices and index number of retail prices. ) Index number of wholesale prices- The wholesale price index number are of two types i. The general purpose index is constructed with a view to reflect the changes taking place in the general price level hence it includes a large number of commodities. i. A sensitive index on the other hand serves as an indicator of the movements of the general price levels and it includes notwithstanding few important commodities which generally react quickly to the market trends. The current index number of wholesale prices has 1970-71 as the base year. (b) Index number of retail prices- The chief retail price index numbers ompiled in India are i.Labour bureau index number of retail prices for urban centres and it. Labour bureau index number of retail pr ices for rural centres. The Labour Bureau, Ministry of Labour, Government of India, compiles and publishes the index number of retail prices for 18 selected urban centres and 11 selected rural centres in various parts of the country on monthly basis. The index number initially had 1944 as the base. Now the construction of this index number is discontinued and it is replaced by simple price relatives of certain selected articles of consumption ith the calendar year 1960 as base year. c) Consumer price index numbers- The consumer price index number compiled and published by the Labour Bureau are important indicators of the changing economic slip in the country. At all India level three different series of consumer price index numbers are compiled. They are i. Consumer price index of industrial workers, it. Consumer price index for non-manual employees and iii. Consumer price index for outlandish labourers. http//classofl . com/homework-help/statistics-homework-help/

Marketing Segmentation of Tata Nano in India and Its Targeting and Positioning Strategy.

Contents commercialise Segmentation, Positioning, Targeting A case of Tata Nano in India EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Targeting and positioning strategy of Tata Nano and recommendations for the company are given. interpolation BACKGROUND According to Howard and Sheth (1969, p. 70), market breakdown depends on the idea that the company should segment or break open the market in such a way as to achieve sets of buyers Historic anyy sellers were engaged in mass selling. They were into the mass harvest-feastion, mass promotion and mass distribution of one product to all consumers in order to obtain economies of scale.This approach of marketing segmentation made the producers to compete against their competitors in terms of products and services. Kotler says the product differentiation is to provide variety to the buyers rather than to appeal to different segments. DISCUSSION CRITICISM OF MARKETING naval division When the size of the market is so small to do marketing When a brand is a sover eign brand in the market. When more number of people falls in the same category. Most of the brands do not operate within the same segment.Certain brands cannot fit into a particular segment which is a drawback to this strategy. In very small businesses and brands this strategy result not work and it is not possible. CASE OF TATA NANO IN INDIA AND ITS MARKET divider Tata Motors is the leading automobile manufacturer in India with a huge portfolio which includes trucks, passenger motorcars, buses, and good vehicles. Even though there are many products from Tata Motors an interesting case of Tata Nano is discussed further.Generally Tata Motors delineate the marketing segmentation concept and they have succeeded which already prevails in the history. Tata Nano which comes under the passenger car segment was launched in January 2008. Indias passenger car segment has been grown extraordinarily for the past four years and it was the happy strategy of Ratan Tata to launch a product i n that segment. Heading to the marketing segmentation of Tata Nano is quite a interesting. Tata Nano is specially designed and manufactured for the middle class and lower middle class people in India (Interview of Ratan Tata).Marketing Segmentation for Tata Nano Geographic rural areas, semi urban areas, small towns, large cities and metropolitans. demographic Age group people of age group above 18 (as the legal age for campaign in India is 18) Size of family family size not more than 5. Psychographic and behavioural ANALYSIS OF TATA NANOS MARKETING SEGMENTATION From the above segmentation vari sufficients and how Tata Nano is segmented, it is clear that the manufacturer wants his product to be used by almost everyone in all geographic conditions.In demographic segment the income group of $220 can easily purchase this car is mentioned. But again they say this can also suit the people who own cars already for the stake of increasing the count which adds privilege to them as well as their status. Even in the occupation category, it is mentioned that regenerate from students to any profession person can use Nano which again puts a lot of people in the category. TARGETING AND POSITIONING OF TATA NANO Tata Nanos targeting strategy starts from its tag line The peoples Car and the worlds inexpensive car.Tata Nano is segmented to the middle class and lower middle class people who had unaccompanied dreamt about cars which also include the people who earn $220 per month. Their target customers are those who are extremely worth conscious and have low latitude of acceptability. Industry wise they target the two wheeler industry, tether wheeler industry (which are more costly than nano), public transports as well to an extent. Hence determine is their most effective targeting strategy. (Admap magazine, www. warc. com/admap) Positioning of Tata Nano is solely based on its price which may also fit a drawback to them in future.Tata Nano is well positioned which will b e doing a marketing for the entire Tata Motors. As Nano will be the first gear car of many customers there will be a possibility of customers to follow Tata Motors if they have a good value for money product and good customer relationship management. As mentioned Nano will be the first car people will surely change their car and that index be possibly for another car in Tata Motors itself. Moreover Tata is also got a wide field of cars which are durable and better quality which suits Indian roads. (NDTV news) draw march drawrect drawframe drawframe drawframe drawframe CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION The marketing segmentation concept is a good strategy in marketing but not applicable for all industries, services or products. Nano is got a good segmentation and its well targeted and positioned. As Nano is targeting people with its price strategy, in future due to some inflation if value of money increases they might not be able to convince their customers. Tata is a good reliable br and in India and now the positioning of Nano as the first car of many people will surely help them in growing their Tata Motors organisation.REFERENCES Caroline Tynan and Jennifer Drayton, ledger of marketing management, 1987, 2, No 3, 301-335. Smith, W. R. (1956), Product differentiation and market segmentation as alternative marketing strategies, _Journal of Marketing, _2J (3), pp. 3-8. Baker, M. J. (Ed) (1984), Macmillan dictionary of Marketing and Advertising, London, Macmillan. Haley, R. L (1968), Benefit segmentation A decision-oriented research tool, Journal_ of_ Marketing, 32(3), pp. 30-35. Chisnall, P. M. (1985), Marketing A Behavioural Analysis (2nd edition). Maidenhead, Berkshire, McGraw-Hill UK Ltd. Lunn.T. (1978), Segmenting and constructing markets. In Consumer Market Research Handbook (2nd edition) (Eds. ) Worcester, R. M. and Downham, J. , London, Van Nostrand Reinhold Co. (UK) Ltd. , pp. 343-376. Haley, R. L (1968), Benefit segmentation A decision-oriented researc h tool, _Journal of_ Marketing, 32(3), pp. 30-35. Siddharth Vinayak Patankar, (2009), _NDTVs review of the Tata Nano_, NDTV Profit Online, http//profit. ndtv. com/2009/03/23220600/How-does-the-Tata- Nano-drive. html. www. tatanano. inservices. tatamotors. com Joseph Sassoon, Admap magazine, www. warc. com/admap.